Internal Combustion Engines Essay -- Engine Cars Mechanics Essays

Internal Combustion EnginesAn internal- blaze railway locomotive is a heat railway locomotive that burns fuel and ancestryinside a combustion chamber fixed at bottom the locomotive proper. Simply stated, aheat engine is an engine that converts heat efficiency to mechanical energy. Theinternal- combustion engine should be distinguished from the external-combustion engine, for example, the steam engine and the Stirling engine, whichburns fuel remote the prime mover, that is, the device that actually vexsmechanical motion. Both basic types produce hot, expanding gases, which may and sobe employed to move pistons, turn turbine rotors, or cause locomotion throughthe reaction principle as they secede through the nozzle.Most people argon familiar with the internal-combustion reciprocating engine,which is used to authority most automobiles, boats, lawn mowers, and home generators.Based on the means of ignition, two types of internal-combustion reciprocatingengines hobo be disting uished spark-ignition engines and compression-ignitionengines. In the former, a spark ignites a combustible mixture of air and fuelin the latter, high compression raises the temperature of the air in the chamberand ignites the injected fuel without a spark. The diesel engine is acompression-ignition engine. This article emphasizes the spark-ignition engine.The invention and early development of internal-combustion engines areusually ascribe to three Germans. Nikolaus Otto patented and make (1876) thefirst such engine Karl Benz built the first automobile to be powered by such anengine (1885) and Gottlieb Daimler designed the first high-speed internal-combustion engine (1885) and carburetor. Rudolf Diesel invented a successfulcompression-ignition engine (the diesel engine) in 1892.The operation of the internal-combustion reciprocating engine employsevery a quaternity-stroke cycle or a two-stroke cycle. A stroke is angiotensin-converting enzyme continuousmovement of the piston with in the cylinder.In the four-stroke cycle, also cognise as the Otto cycle, the downwardmovement of a piston located within a cylinder creates a partial vacuum. Valveslocated inside the combustion chamber are haltled by the motion of a camshaftconnected to the crankshaft. The four strokes are called, in order of sequence, intake, compression, power, and exhaust. On the first stroke the intake valve isopened w... ... energy within themuffler before the exhaust gases are permitted to escape.The power capacity of an engine depends on a number of characteristics,including the vividness of the combustion chamber. The volume can be increased byincrease the size of the piston and cylinder and by increasing the number ofcylinders. The cylinder configuration, or arrangement of cylinders, can bestraight, or in-line (one cylinder located behind the other) radial (cylinderslocated around a circle) in a V (cylinders located in a V configuration) or hostile (cylinders located opposite each oth er). Another type of internal-combustion engine, the Wankel engine, has no cylinders instead, it has a rotorthat moves through a combustion chamber.An internal-combustion engine moldiness also have some kind of transmissionsystem to control and direct the mechanical energy where it is needed forexample, in an automobile the energy must(prenominal) be directed to the driving wheels.Since these engines are not fitted to start under a load, a transmission systemmust be used to disengage the engine from the load during starting and then toapply the load when the engine reaches its operating speed.