Political Theory Essay

Introduction While approaching the reports of major(ip) philosophical figures in the 16th century and the 17th century there emerges several weaknesses in addition to their semi policy-making thought in their condemnation. In his doing, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, Quentin Skinners emphasises the textualist approach by the 1s writing within the genre of political possible action and get along rent that they seldom supp cunnings us with genuine histories. 1 Skinner seems to engage in a historical approach to the writings of political thought, which goes plenty in hand with the social and political context of the period the major works were composed.Indeed, this proves blue-fruited for this analysis, and therefore it get out be provided a narrow historical review article of the period the works were written, in order to present the remarkable relation betwixt the causes of political thought. Accordingly, there will be implemented a comparison of the philo sophers, Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin, counselinging primarily of their thought of the farming and the church and the differences between the two models of political thought.In name of the state, the focus will lie on the citizens and the sovereign rule in terms of the church, an analysis of its place within the governmental framework will be provided. The primary sources used as a basis for this analysis is the work of Jean Bodin Six Books of the Commonwealth, translated by M. J. Tooley, and Hobbes On the Citizen, edited by Richard garner & Michael Silverthorne. In grasping the political works of Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin it is historic to remember that their perception of the state was born in an age of crisis. As central themes of his political thought Hobbes was concerned with quiescence, security and order however, trust was omnipresent throughout his experience of life and through his works.For Hobbes the only well-grounded proposition of a natural piety was that something must gull created the world, just now who or what is non for certain. 2 almost distinguished he excessively believed that religious division was a signifi lott factor for the origins of war. The basics of Hobbes theory was to add the will to avoid religious booking and restore peace into one or a group of biological people that was to elevate secure the will of the state. Like Hobbes, Bodin was concerned with preserving order and his relation to religion is said to be complex. Although he was less familiar with the New political from his religious thought.3 However, entering deeper into the religious life of Bodin it is palpable that he never adhered to one true theological standpoint throughout his lifetime. 4 Another factor of correlation between the two political thinkers is their individualised historical background containing the experience of war, which largely contributed as one of their causes for writing. Most cognize for his work and best-seller, Levia than, the Englishman Thomas Hobbes was to be acknowledged as an important contribution to the philosophical field in his lifetime and all the instruction to the 21th century.Hobbes was born in 1588 in Westport raised by his non-wealthy family, fortunately cosmos paid for by his uncle to get an education when the time was right. 5 enter the field of the enlightened, Hobbes at an age of 54 later produced his first claim to fame, De Cive (On the Citizen), published in Latin edition in 1642 which is characterised as one of the forerunners to his major work Leviathan. Here, it is important reconsider what is omnipresent throughout two, De Cive and Leviathan, namely fear in order to understand his political thought.Some t peculiarity to regard Hobbes as a synonym to the concept of fear even though this impossibly cannot be so, however it does not reject Kings argument that Hobbes had experienced disorder in society and therefore feared political chaos. 6 England during the 17th centur y can in be referred to as a period of transformation twain in terms of politics and religion. Historically, throughout Hobbes lifetime (1588 1679) the political mountain in the years of 1642 to 1651 prove to stand out painted in the colour of red. The Reformation left deep traces and was not yet to take leave as its religious struggles was to turn into a fight of power between the King and the Parliament.7 The English Civil war provided an environment such as extreme disorder and polite insecurity to be explanatory for the horrors it brought the 6? 78? 9 $? * )? 0?. / 1 1? ? ? ( 4 ? /? $ ( 5 JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES,? ? = ? 1? *9/? 6-. A=? B - HTTP//WWW. JSTOR. ORG/STABLE/3745504 0 , $ *3 3 9 )? +? 2 A1. / =0 A? 8? ? 9? C D7 %$E $ * F0.? //? F B -1 G/? HH222I H H 60-6 3 13 Political Theory country8. In a hugger-mugger England, Hobbes had to face his own opponents after he had written the first digest of the philosophy of the state, Elements of Law, N atural and Politic, which created an unstable environment for him to live. Indeed, adversity was for Hobbes the reason he decided to flee and choose the life in exile pass over the national boarders to France. 9 When the Civil War was over, he returned home to the end of his life, still absorbed in scientific activity.A lesser-known philosopher yet one of the most ambitious and prolific French scholars, Jean Bodin, was born in 1529 or 30 in the French area of Angers. Although living in separate time periods Bodin is born three years after Machiavellis death (1469 1527) and died when Thomas Hobbes was eight years of age and therefore spans on the nose between these two. 10 Throughout his lifetime he was, in similitude to Hobbes, to experience war that provoked his political thinking which prospered into what was to be known as The Six Books of the Commonwealth (1955).Bodin was an admirable scholar and by the time he had to face his mortal destiny he made contributions to the are a of science stretching from historiography to political economy. 11 Noticeable that he was among the a good deal enlightened characters of his time, Bodin went to Paris in his youth for educational matters theatreing humanities. go on curious about the juridical nature of society he went to study civil law until the 1560s, and after he turned to a political career becoming a kings advocate in Paris. A decade later he became a counsellor of the Duke of Alencon which secured him a seat at the table of the royal family, which ceased before 1576.He consequently further joined the Catholic League (sometimes referred to as the Holy League) which vie a major part in the French Wars of Religion (156298) eradicating the Protestants in any case called the Huguenots. 12 Primarily, The Wars involved the Catholic crown attempting to impose religious unanimity upon the large F? What further divided the citizens in contemporary France was their promote for various versions of the Christi an faith that created a warfare of self-righteousness, which for Bodin, was an erroneous societal condition. What Bodins beliefs could be said to represent at the time is further dubiously, but as Summerfield argues, Bodin might have believed that Catholicism was the best civil religion for his countrymen. 13 Further, Bodin supported religious diversity in that Catholics should have the opportunity to embrace their faith just the Huguenots without having intolerance towards each other.By offering a narrow description of the historical period germane(predicate) to both Hobbes and Bodin and further suggest a biographical outlook of both philosophers, the main focus have been on the facts of importance for further analysis. main section As discussed to some extent in Bodins case, it is applicable to both philosophers that they were living in a time where religion was intrinsic from their political thinking. Today it may seem strange that politics of overmuch importance was molded a round religious beliefs, because we live in a time where each person is free to decide what to believe and which religion to adhere to.During the period of discussion, the church and the state had too many plebeian interests that a division between them seemed unthinkable. For Bodin, his thought behind his Republic was the wish to restore the splendour and serve the interest of the French Monarchy, which functioned as a cornerstone in his description of the commonwealth. 14 In accordance to Hobbes, much like in the case of Bodin, his impetus of his work De Cive lie primarily in providing a solution to the religious moral conflict prevailing in 16th, 17th century England.Bodin and the family In this section, the discussion will point to Jean Bodins concept of the state at a micro level. In Book I, chapter I of the Republic the first execration acknowledge what Bodin understands to be the nature of the Commonwealth, namely its internal structure world organised around the ?6?