Analyze Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes - Essay Example Flexible exchange rate constantly moves back and forth. Most of the country of the world keeps US dollars as a reserve currency against their own money. When we mean flexible exchange rate of a country’s currency, we denote its value with reference to US dollar. Change of international value of the dollar will affect the exchange rate of country’s currency against the dollar. There is no perfect model (Wray, 2011) to predict the movement of international value of US dollar. There is no perfect model that can predict exchange rate of a country’s currency against US Dollar. Flexible exchange rate has advantages; independent monitory policy, promotes economic development, promotes international trade, and increases international liquidity. Government operating with flexible exchange rate does not undertake responsibility of currency conversion. Government does not need to fear that it will run out of foreign currency reserves. In case of using flexible exchange rate monitory policy of the country is not limited or affected by the economic conditions of other country. Thus, it promotes economic development leading to full employment. Since, government does not control the exchange rate, restriction on international trade is removed which contributes to free moving of capital among countries. Flexible exchange rate removes the necessity of keeping foreign exchange reserves thus, increases international liquidity of the currency. In a fixed exchange rate system, the currency has a target rate based on other currency or basket of other currencies (Wray, 2011). This is how government is controlling value between two currencies. If the government let the currency float it can trigger domestic inflation. Government will be printing paper money, and its monitory policy will be affected, as well as the job market. When export and import elasticity is extremely low (Wray, 2011),

Adolescent Truancy Essay Example for Free

Adolescent Truancy Essay I choose to do my paper on â€Å"Playing Hooky†: Examining Factors that Contribute to Adolescent Truancy, because of the position I am currently in at work places me in several different school s all year long. I have seen the effects and causes of adolescent truancy first hand. This article is a review of previous data that was obtained from Youth Advocate Programs, Inc. This article clearly states that it is a research article, and the research is from a study that compiled data from 20 students. The researchers looked at all variables that play a factor in adolescent truancy, to include family environment, living situations, community involvement, severity of substance use, duration of substance use, and peer victimization. Based on the research from the article on adolescent truancy I learned that truancy has become an ever growing problem and is caused from several different factors. Adolescent truancy is caused by multiple out-of-school and in-school factors. The majority of abscises are driven from outside factors, such as family problems, living conditions, substance use, and community involvement, and school factors, like bullying or hazing. Looking at the research by Dube and Orpinas(2009) it breaks it down into three main behavioral profile groups based on reinforcement be it negative and positive reinforcement, also no reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is things like skipping school to go to the mall or skate park things of that nature. Negative reinforcement is family conflict, living conditions, and substance problems. With substance abuse problems leads to more skipping school, and with skipping school leads to more substance abuse problems, so they both feed of each other. The research is supported by the data that was collected from a study that was done with 20 kids, ages 8-16 and grades 5th to 11th. This article fits in the overall field of sociology because it takes something that needs to be dissected and helps break down the trends and reasoning be hide what is going on, Furth more it opens our eyes to the key indicators to look for if we have a problem like this. Sociology breaks down thing so we can see the reasoning that something may be happing and I think this article does just that. I feel that the chapter that this article would best fit in would be chapter 9 Deviance, because the article cover truancy which is deviating from what you are supposed to be doing and shows why people would be doing this. This article is different because magazines and newspapers do not explain what is going on in this much in-depth information. Non-scholarly periodicals are usually just a brief summary of what is really going on and hitting the key points. This article is done from studies that have been done as well as surveys that have been completed. What this article and non-scholarly periodicals do have in common is that they both do lay out the key points to their research as well as credit the sources that they received there information from. Refrences Dimmick, J. Yanira, C. Aleka, L. and Holly, B. (2011). â€Å"Playing Hooky†: Examining Factors that Contribute to Adolescent Truancy. EBSCOhost. Retrieved from https://web-ebscohost-com.libdatab.strayer.edu/ehost/detail?vid=5hid=25sid=ea8658a5-82b9-4bf5-9730-404a1a35187f%40sessionmgr11bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=a9hAN=6966092

Vengeance and Forgiveness in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay -- Tempes

Vengeance and Forgiveness in Shakespeare's The Tempest There are many elements in Shakespeare's play, The Tempest, which one cannot reconcile with the real world. The main theme in The Tempest is illusion, and the main focus is the experiment by Prospero. The Tempest, it is clear, features an experiment by Prospero. He has not brought the Europeans to the vicinity of the island, but when they do come close to it, he has, through the power of illusion, lured them into his very special realm. The experiment first of all breaks up their social solidarity, for they land in different groups: Ferdinand by himself, the court group, Stephano and Trinculo by themselves, and the sailors remain asleep. The magic leads them by separate paths until they all meet in the circle drawn by Prospero in front of his cave. There he removes the spell of the illusions; the human family recognizes each other, and together they resolve to return to Italy, leaving behind the powers of the magic associated with the island.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before considering the purpose of Prospero's experiment, we should note how central to all his magic Ariel is. And Ariel is not human but a magical spirit who has been released from natural bondage (being riven up in a tree) by Prospero's book learning. The earlier inhabitants of the island, Sycorax and Caliban, had no sense of how to use Ariel, and so they simply imprisoned him in the world which governs them, raw nature. Prospero's power depends, in large part, on Ariel's release and willing service. In that sense, Ariel can be seen as some imaginative power which makes the effects of the theatre (like lightning in the masts of the boat) possible. One of the great attractions of this view of the play as a celeb... ... vengeance. (5.1. 18-28) Here, the imaginative sympathy for the sufferings of others leads to an active intervention based upon "virtue" rather than "vengeance." This is a key recognition in the play: virtue expressed in forgiveness is a higher human attribute than vengeance. And in the conclusion of the play, Prospero does not even mention the list of crimes against him. He simply offers to forgive and accept what has happened to him, in a spirit of reconciliation. Unlike other Shakespeare plays, the ending of The Tempest requires neither the death nor the punishment of any of the parties. Works Cited and Consulted: Gervinus, G.G. "The Tempest." The Shakespeare Criticism Volume 8. Gale Research Inc., Detroit. 1989: 304-307. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Greenblatt, Stephen. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc., 1997.

Chichen obesity

Interview Source – name of interviewee, date of interview, Method of interview 2. complete research uses interviews, surveys, and other methods to collect data from the real world. 3. A research project typically begins with a comprehensive that considers factors such as the topic, research questions, claim, audience, possible format, possible sources, and a search plan. Power 03 – 1. logos appeals to logic. Examples, statistics, and research appeal to our need for logic. Logical appeals use evidence to convince a reader of the truth or validity of your claim 2. pathos appeals to emotion.Stories, imagery, and connotative words (words that have additional images and emotions associated with them) appeal to our emotions. These techniques arouse emotions such as anger, fear, joy, sadness, or happiness to cause the audience to feel and then to act. 3. ethos appeals to ethics. Responsible research practices and fair use of logic and emotion appeals contribute to the writer's credibility (authority, believability, and trustworthiness), an important element in persuasion, and appeal to our need to trust that the writer is a legitimate and ethical individual.Ethical appeals also appeal tothe audience's character or sense of right and wrong. For items 4 – 10, see page 4 of 4 in Power, Lesson 3 4. Hasty Generalization is a logical fallacy in which a conclusion is based on insufficient evidence or a sample of people that is too small. This fallacy is often linked to stereotypes and prejudices. 5. Post Hoc is a logical fallacy in which we assume that because B comes after A, A caused B. The Latin translates to â€Å"after this, therefore, because of this. † It is also called â€Å"false cause. † 6.Slippery Slope is a logical fallacy that claims if a particular action is taken it will inevitably lead to an undesirable event, which will lead to another undesirable event or series of events. 7. Authority is a logical fallacy that uses an â⠂¬Å"authority† who is not an expert on the issue. 8. Popularity is a logical fallacy that claims something is true because most people accept the claim or agree with the position. This fallacy takes advantage of people's desire to be part of the majority. 9. Fear is a logical fallacy that uses fear to create support for the claim. 10.False Dichotomy is a logical fallacy that identifies only two choices in a situation, one of which is not a viable choice. It is often called either/or reasoning. Power 04 – 1. pathos words are words that communicate additional emotions, ideas, and images. Audiences respond to these connotative words—sometimes without even knowing it—because they make us feel something. 2. Propaganda   is the use of any technique that attempts to influence the opinions, attitudes, emotions, or actions of a group to benefit the person, company, or group that created the persuasive material.Types of propaganda: 3. name calling , this technique gives names to the individuals, groups, nations, beliefs, or products that the writer would like to condemn or reject. This device causes us to make a judgment out of hate or fear of the element perceived to be bad. 4. Glittering generalities , this technique uses attractive, apealing words to describe whatever is being premoted. The words sound nice, but they are vague and used for their emotional effect. This device conveys the idea that â€Å"good people will accept idea or product x because it is good. 5. transfer , this technique transfers the authority or reputation of someone or something to the thing being premoted. Transfer can cause the audience to have positive or negative feelings 6. Testimonial, this device prompts us to accept an idea or product because someone else accepts it. 7. Bandwagon, this device says, â€Å"Everyone is doing, buying, or believing x, and so should you. † 8. Plain folk this technique attempts to convince audiences that the person being p ortrayed is an average citizen or the idea is what a regular person believes. 9.Card stacker this device selectively presents information that is favorable or omits information that is unfavorable for persuading the audience. Power – 05 – 1. An appeal to credibility relates to the audience's perception of the credibility of the writer, company, lawyer, or artist using the appeal. 2. Libel, slander, copyright infringement, and ethos are all writing practices that could affect the ethical appeal of a writer. 3. Define the word plagiarism: not your work 4. Using someone’s exact words from a source while giving credit to the source is termed copy write 5.Using information from a source but putting the information in your own words is termed paraphrasing. (T ) You must still give credit to a source when you paraphrase the source. 6. Reference: correspond to entries on the Works Cited page; they tell our readers enough information so that they can locate the source on the Works Cited page. 7. slander is a method of citing sources within a text by putting the main identifying source information in paren'theses at the end of a sentence. (Paren'thetical Citations) 8. False – Major works such as books, movies, and newspapers should be ut in italics or underlined while smaller works such as poems and short stories should be put in quotations. 9. Sources from a works cited list should be in alphabetical order. Power 06 – 1. List ten quality transition words from page 3 of Lesson 6: consequently; because furthermore; in the same way moreover; also clearly; then; additionally and; in addition 2. theme is the sentence that states the main idea or point of that paragraph. Betrayal – In this module sstudents will use Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar to analyze themes of betrayal.Shakespeare can be difficult for any student, especially sstudents that have never read any Shakespeare before. Sstudents can and should use Sparknotes as a resource. There will be links to Sparknotes and videos tthroughout the lesson. Please don’t hesitate to contact your instructor for help. Betrayal 01 – 1. Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is about the aassassination of Julius Caesar and the story of betrayal by Brutus. 2. setting refers to the time, place, and culture in which a story is set. 3. Shakespeare’s theatre was called the pitt 4. At the opening of the play Caesar is returning from victory in battle.He has just defeated another Roman General named Cassius; 5. Why are Modulus and Flavius so upset with the commoners in Act I, Scene 1? Because he wouldn’t let them fight Betrayal 02 – 1. It is important to know at this point in the play that Brutus does not know whether to support Caesar or to go against him. 2. In Act II, Brutus agrees to kill caesar but he will not kill his parther as a part of Cassius’ plan. 3. What is Calpurnia’s dream about? Julius Caesar dying Betrayal 03 – 1. Will he kill a friend to save an empire? Yes Betrayal 04 – 1. Who said, â€Å"Et tu, Brute! Then fall, Caesar. † Julius Caesar 2.

‘Of Mice and Men’ by john Steinbeck and ‘The Withered Arm’ by Thomas Hardy Essay

Points of comparison between ‘Of Mice and Men’ by john Steinbeck and ‘The Withered Arm’ by Thomas Hardy. Include social and historical context, setting, plot, characters, theme and language. ‘The Withered Arm’ written by Thomas Hardy and ‘Of Mice and Men’ written by John Steinbeck have many differences in their social and historical background but similarities can be seen between the two. Of Mice and Men’ is set in Soledad, California during America’s great depression in the 1930’s. Transport was very different then, most people travelled around on foot or by horseback. There were busses but very few of them and if you were a couple of ‘bindle stiffs’ like George and Lennie you never got a full ride or taken to where you wanted to go. A train were available but for people like George and Lennie hiding in boxcars and riding for free was more common. As it was during the great depression many business es went bankrupt and many people lost their jobs. This was the reason that many people, including George and Lennie, travelled around so much looking for work. Work was mostly found on farms and ranches but pay was very little. Wages were $50 per month with food and accommodation included. However the accommodation was very basic, they were communal bunkhouses so George and Lennie and anyone else had little privacy. Jobs on the ranch weren’t that glamorous either, ‘barley bucking’ was the most common then there were skinners, stable bucks and swappers. There were few employment rights and no job security because as soon as a job was finished workers were just dropped and had to move on to find other jobs in other places. Even through all the work there was plenty of entertainment. Betting and gambling were very popular, any chance they had to play a game of horse shoes or a game of cards they would more than likely always have a bet on each game. When they had enough money they would go into the local town for a couple of drinks in ‘cat houses’. Punishment for any crime committed was severe, but there was no real law. It was normal for just anyone to take the law in to their own hands, as shown in the story when Lennie killed Curley’s wife and Curley went out to shoot Lennie and it wouldn’t matter, † ‘ I’m gonna get him. I’m going for my shotgun. I’ll kill the big son-of-a-bitch myself’ † ‘The Withered Arm’ is set in holmstoke in Wessex in the mid 1800’s. Holmstoke is a very isolated little village and is only joined to Anglebury, a near town, by a cart track. Transport back then was even more primitive than in ‘Of Mice and Men’. People mostly travelled by foot and by horse and cart along dirt tracks, as there were no proper roads. Pretty much everyone was labouring class as the only jobs really available were on farms an d land. Dairy and animal farming was very popular. The farms were owned by wealthier farmers that employed the local people to do the farming and dairy work. The wages were 37p per week, which just like in ‘Of Mice and Men’ is very little. The women did the milking in the dairies and cider making and the men did the harvesting, just like in ‘Of Mice and Men’, cropping and wood cutting but just like in ‘Of Mice and Men’ there was little job security and hardly any employment rights. Entertainment was still a big part of people’s lives. The farmers had house gatherings and even back in the 1800’s drinking was still popular as in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Local bands were often booked for traditional dances and festivals. They celebrated Christmas with little plays from house to house. You could also go and see a hanging when there was one and purchase a part of the rope used. Punishments for even little crimes like theft could be punishable by death. There were almost no legal rights for anyone in the labouring class and if u were just thought to be guilty of a crime you could still be hanged for it and you weren’t given a chance to prove yourself innocent. The settings for these two stories are quite similar even though both are set in different countries and years apart. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ a vision of the place is clearly described. It is set on a rural farm that ‘bucks barley’. The local town is Soledad where the men found some of their entertainment. Steinbeck makes the setting sound very bare and lonely and portrays the idea that the farm is cut off and very much on its own very well. The valley is described well and is described as open and free, â€Å"On one side of the river the golden foot hill slopes curve up to the strong and rocky Gabilian Mountains, but on the valley side the water is lined with trees†. There is a ‘brush’ in this story, which Steinbeck mentions clearly, â€Å"The sycamore leaves turned up their silversides, the brown, dry leaves on the ground scudded a few feet†. Farming is a big part in each story as well, even though the farms themselves are different , the different types of countrysides are both described well by each other in their own well. In ‘The Withered Arm’ a clear description of it’s setting is also given. This story is also set in and around farmland but this farm is a dairy farm unlike the one in ‘Of Mice and Men’. The setting in this story however is much greener with more of a typical English countryside. It is set just outside of Holmstoke and is surrounded by Egdon Heath, which is described as barren moorland, â€Å"their course lay apart from the others to a lonely spot high above the water-meads and not far from the border of Egdon Heath, whose dark countenance was visible in the distance†. This makes the place sound very cut off and lonely just as in ‘Of Mice and Men’. In ‘The Withered Arm’ dairy farming dominates and is the main way of working and living just like in ‘Of Mice and Men’ where crop farming is the main way of working and living. In each of the stories there are similarities in the plots. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ Lennie and George are two incomers to the farm where the story is based. They are wor kers that travel around to find work in different places and to gat some money. They arrive just down the road from the farm as the bus driver refuses to drive them any further. They are there to work as ‘barley buckers’ which is pretty much the lowest rank of worker. Their welcome to the farm from the other workers wasn’t that pleasant because to them Lennie and George were just another pair of passers by. When they first arrived all they got was a † ‘ The boss was expectin’ you last night’ † The other workers were a bit curious about George and Lennie because normally men travel around on their own so they thought there was something suspicious going off between them,† ‘say-what you sellin’?’ † In ‘Of Mice and Men’ Curley’s hand gets broken. Curley provokes Lennie and starts hitting him, Lennie is really very gentle but he grabs hold of Curley’s hand and squeezes it until he ends up breaking every bone, † Looks to me like ever’ bone in his han’ is bust†. Also in both stories there is an unhappy marriage. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ the unhappy marriage is the marriage of Curley and his wife. She’s thought of so little that she isn’t even given a name. She tells Lennie how she only married Curley on the rebound to get away from her mother, † Well, I wasn’t gonna stay no place where I couldn’t get nowhere or make something of myself, an’ where they stole your letters. So I married Curley. Met him out to the Riverside Dance Palace that same night† Curley doesn’t seem to pay that much attention to her or care about her, as he doesn’t hesitate to go to the ‘cat house’ in town with all the guys and leave her on her own. In ‘The Withered Arm’ the incomer in this story is Gertrude. She enters the story as Farmer Lodges new wife. Unlike Lennie and George, Gertrude enters the story at the top of the social scale. However, like George and Lennie she also doesn’t receive the friendliest of welcomes and all the villages are very curious about her on her arrival, † ‘Well, did you see her?’ â€Å". In ‘The Withered Arm’ there is also an injury but this one is very different to the one in ‘Of Mice and Men’. This injury has a strange, paranormal meaning to it as the dream Rhoda had about hitting Gertrude’s arm mysteriously comes true when a hand mark appears on her arm and it starts to wither, â€Å"She uncovered her left arm, and their outline confronted Rhoda’s gaze as the exact original of the limb she had beheld and seized in her dream†. In this story there is also an unhappy marriage of Gertrude and Farmer Lodge. At the beginning of the story they seem like a happy couple in love but he only really sees her as is pretty girl to go on his arm, â€Å"you must expect to be stared at just at first, my pretty Gertrude†. When Gertrude becomes marked and her arm begins to wither, Farmer Lodge begins to loose interest. As Gertrude becomes imperfect the marriage begins to fall apart, â€Å"‘six years off marriage and only a few months of love’ † The female characters in both stories have many differences through how they live but some similarities can be made between the three. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ the female character is Curley’s wife. She is described as young and pretty but she hates the life she’s got with Curley on the farm. She had dreams of living a life a luxury and being put it the ‘pitchers’, † ‘Well a show come through, an’ I met one of the actors. He says I could go with that show’ â€Å". Women were pretty much at the bottom of the social scale compared to men so Curley treated her like she belonged to him, Steinbeck show this in the story by not giving her a name and just referring to her as Curley’s wife. Curley goes off in to town with the other guys in to the ‘cat house’ withou t giving his wife any consideration. In ‘The Withered Arm’ there are two female characters, Gertrude Lodge and Rhoda Brook. Rhoda is a dairymaid on Farmer Lodges farm and just like Curley’s wife has been treated badly by a man. Rhoda had once bin the lover of Farmer Lodge and accidentally got pregnant, because of this Farmer Lodge ended it and left her to bring up their son on her own with no help. He tries to ignore her and his own son and tries to pretend he doesn’t really know who they are. When he sees his son he discards him as just another villager, † ‘I think he lives with his mother a mile or two off’ † the way Rhoda was treated by Farmer Lodge shows that she was just being used and treated like an object and not properly respected like she should be, this is just like how Curley treated his wife in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Gertrude Lodge is Farmer Lodges new wife. He is very proud of her in a way at the beginning because she is young and beautiful. However all this does change, when Gertrude’s arm begins wither and she become imperfect, Farmer Lodge slowly begins to loose interest. In this way she is also treated badly by a man like Curley’s wife and Rhoda Brook were. Farmer Lodge got to think very little of Gertrude, as she never gave him a child along with her disfigurement, he grew to not love her just because of they way she looked. In both stories all the women were treated very unfairly by men and can relate to one another by how badly they were treated by men. Each stories has different themes but the two main themes in these stories are friendship and loneliness. In ‘Of Mice and Men’, Candy, Crooks and Curley’s wife are the three main lonely ones. These three are considered at the bottom of the social scale. Candy is lonely because he is old and only has one hand, Crooks is lonely because he also has a disability and he is black and black people weren’t thought of very highly because of the colour of their skin and Curley’s wife is lonely because she is female and women were considered to be second class to men, she is only seen as Curley’s wife and not her own individual person. All three are lonely because they’re all different or have a disability in some way. The idea of loneliness is also expressed through the things Steinbeck writes about. When George is in the bunkhouse playing cards, â€Å"his solitaire hand† is mentioned, solitaire a game played on your own so this shows George’s loneliness. Also the local town is called Soledad and ‘sole’ is also expressing the loneliness of the story. The main and strongest friendship in ‘Of Mice and Men’ is the friendship of Lennie and George. When the Great Depression hit America men travelled around on their own looking for work but Lennie and George travel together. George and Lennie have been friends for years and Lennie is ‘simple’ so needs looking after, George is the one to do this, he looks after Lennie the best he can and cares for him. From some of things George says you can tell that he does care about him. â€Å"Jesus Christ, you’re a crazy bastard!† is said in a kind of sarcastic way and shows that George does like Lennie and cares for him but try’s not to show it. In ‘The Withered Arm’ Gertrude is the lonely one. She is lonely because she has come into the story and enters Holmstoke as a complete stranger and doesn’t know anyone. She finds herself very much alone after her arm starts to wither and her husband beings to loose interest in her and ignore her. Just like Candy and Crooks in ‘Of Mice of Men’ one of the reasons she feels loneliness is because of a disability or injury. The main friendship in ‘The Withered Arm’ is the friendship of Rhoda and Gertrude. This friendship is very different to the one of Lennie and George in ‘Of Mice and Men’. At first Rhoda didn’t like Gertrude just because she married Farmer Lodge and then Rhoda has her strange dream. When Rhoda meets Gertrude she sees how nice she is and then she finds out about Gertrude’s withering arm and realises it’s because of her dream and Rhoda feels guilty. Unlike Lennie and George’s friendship being based on care and love this friendship is partly based on Rhoda’s guilt over disliking Gertrude in the first place. In both stories dialect and slang are used by each writer to give you a more realistic view on each of the characters and the stories. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ the slang and dialect used could be quite hard to understand. In 1930’s California the speech is a very old American accent. Steinbeck used this in his story to convey a more realistic picture of the characters and how they spoke. † ‘She slang her pups last night,’ † said slim, simply means that she gave birth last night to her new puppies. † †Cause I can jus’ as well go away, George, an’ live in a cave’ â€Å", Simply means ‘of course, I can just go away and live in a cave’. † ‘We’ll take ‘um into Soledad an’ get ‘um fixed up’ â€Å", all ‘um means is him, and the ‘d’ is misses off of ‘and’. Using the actually dialect and slang makes the story sound more real and to try and give you more of an idea about what each character is like. In ‘The Withered Arm’ Hardy also uses slang and dialect to bring his characters to life and make them sound more realistic through the way they speak. Nineteenth century ‘Wessex’ has a very different dia lect to ‘Of Mice and Men’. † ‘He do bring his bride home tomorrow’ â€Å", almost doesn’t make sense but it just mean that ‘he will bring his bride home’. † ‘Ah- ’tis all a-scram’ â€Å", just means that ‘it is all shrivelled up’. The dialect in this story also has completely different word for things like ‘chimmer’ means bedroom and ‘fancied’ means imagined. Hardy uses all this language to make his story and characters more believable and to give the effect of the place it’s set in. Out of these two stories I preferred ‘Of Mice and Men’ by john Steinbeck. I think that this story has more of a powerful ending than ‘The Withered Arm’. I think that ‘Of Mice and Men’ is more realistic than ‘The Withered Arm’ because in ‘The Withered Arm’ the ending is all tied up neatly and really that’s not like real life. Where as in ‘Of Mice and Men’ it just ends and is left open like it can carry on, just like life really is. â€Å"Curley and Carlson looked after them. And Carlson said, ‘Now what the hell ya suppose is eatin’ them two guys?’ â€Å". I think that ‘Of Mice and Men’ has a more interesting plot that keeps your reading till the end unlike ‘The Withered Arm’ that I found got a bit boring.

Texas AM University Commerce Admissions Data

Texas AM University Commerce Admissions Data Admissions Overview: Students interested in Texas AM - Commerce should note that, while the school admits under half of applicants each year, students with solid grades and test scores still have a good chance of being admitted. To apply, those interested will need to submit (along with an application) SAT or ACT scores and official high school transcripts. Admissions Data (2016): Texas A M University - Commerce Acceptance Rate: 46%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 430 / 540SAT Math: 440 / 540SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 18  / 23ACT English: 18 / 25ACT Math: 17 / 24What these ACT numbers mean Texas AM University Commerce Description: Founded in 1889, Texas AM University-Commerce is a public, four-year university located in Commerce, Texas, about an hour northeast of Dallas. AM-Commerce offers more than 100 undergraduate and graduate degrees in a wide range of fields, and the university also has extensive online educational options. High achieving students should check out TAMUCs honors program which gives full-tuition scholarships to 50 Honors students every year. Academics at TAMUC are supported by an 18 to 1 student / faculty ratio. Texas AM-Commerce is home to some very interesting intramural sports including Trivia Bowl, a Madden Tournament, and something called Cornhole. The university also has over 120 student clubs and organizations, and an active system of fraternities and sororities. For intercollegiate athletics, AM-Commerce Lions compete in the NCAA Division II  Lone Star Conference  (LSC) with five mens and seven womens sports. The university also has a rodeo program and cheer and dance teams. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 13,514  (8,318 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40% Male / 60% Female72% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $7,750  (in-state); $19,990 (out-of-state)Books: $1,400 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,270Other Expenses: $3,413Total Cost: $20,833  (in-state); $33,073 (out-of-state) Texas AM University Commerce Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 90%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 78%Loans: 60%Average Amount of AidGrants: $9,617Loans: $5,799 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Exercise Science, General Studies, Interdisciplinary Studies, Liberal Studies, Psychology, Social Work Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 63%Transfer Out Rate: 30%4-Year Graduation Rate: 24%6-Year Graduation Rate: 43% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Golf, Basketball, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Golf, Soccer, Volleyball, Track and Field, Cross Country, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Interested in Texas AM University Commerce? You May Also Like These Colleges: Texas Tech University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Texas at Arlington:  ProfileUniversity of North Texas:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBaylor University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWest Texas AM University: ProfileSam Houston State University:  ProfileTexas Christian University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTexas AM University Main Campus:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStephen F. Austin State University:  ProfilePrarie View AM University:  ProfileTexas AM University-Corpus Christi:  ProfileUniversity of Houston:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Texas AM University Commerce Mission Statement: mission statement from  tamuc.edu/aboutUs/ourMission/default.aspx Texas AM University-Commerce provides a personal, accessible, and affordable educational experience for a diverse community of learners. We engage in creative discovery and dissemination of knowledge and ideas for service, leadership, and innovation in an interconnected and dynamic world.

Robber Baron essays

Robber Baron essays During the late 1800s many prominent business leaders arose in America, such as Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefellar, and Thomas Edison. Some of these business giants contributed to America, while others were considered robber barons. This was so due to the monopolizing and use of illegal means to gain affluence. From this control of economy and monopoly came the name robber barons. Andrew Carnegie arrived as a poor immigrant from Scotland. In 1899 he established the Carnegie Steel Corporation, which grew to one of the largest steel corporations in the world by 1901. Carnegie owned the steel market by buying all other steelmills, and thus controlling the steel prices, being able to increase them at his will. By coming up with vertical integration, middleman fees were eliminated, furthering contributing to his affluence. This control of the steel market placed him into the group of robber barons. As Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel market, John D. Rockefellar was alike but in the oil industry. His method which classified him into the robber baron category differed from Carnegie in the fact that he would cooperate with other companies to control the monopoly, known as horizontal integration, contrary to Carnegie's. The control of these companies was conjured by the Standard Oil Trust, made up of a board of trustees and the company's properties were given, where each shareholder received the share of the profits. Rockefellar's company was also shown to be tyrannical of the oil market by buying out smaller companies and the restrictions on trade, which was stopped by the government on the grounds of being in violation to the Sherman Antitrust Act. Out of the three aforementioned prominent business leaders, the only who is not to be considered as a robber baron is Thomas Edison. Edison was a great inventor, creating the incandescent lamp and the world's first electric power station. Creating...

The Invention of American Agriculture in Tehuacan Valley

The Invention of American Agriculture in Tehuacan Valley The Tehuacn Valley, or more precisely the Tehuacn-Cuicatln valley, is located in southeastern Puebla state and northwestern Oaxaca state in central Mexico. It is the southernmost arid area of Mexico, its aridity caused by the rain shadow of the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range. Annual mean temperature averages 21 degrees C (70 F) and rainfall 400 millimeters (16 inches). In the 1960s, the Tehuacn Valley was the focus of a large-scale survey called the Tehuacn Project, led by American archaeologist Richard S. MacNeish. MacNeish and his team were looking for the Late Archaic origins of maize. The valley was selected because of its climate and its high level of biological diversity (more on that later). MacNeishs large, multi-discipline project identified nearly 500 cave and open-air sites, including the 10,000-year-long, occupied San Marcos, Purron, and Coxcatln caves. Extensive excavations in the valleys caves, particularly Coxcatln Cave, led to the discovery of the earliest appearance at the time of several important American plant domesticates: not just maize, but bottle gourd, squash, and beans. Excavations recovered over 100,000 plant remains, as well as other artifacts. Coxcatln Cave Coxcatln Cave is a rock shelter that was occupied by humans for nearly 10,000 years. Identified by MacNeish during his survey in the 1960s, the cave includes an area of about 240 square meters (2,600 square feet) beneath a rock overhang about 30 meters (100 feet) long by 8 m (26 ft) deep. Large-scale excavations conducted by MacNeish and colleagues included about 150 sqm (1600 sq ft) of that horizontal range and vertically down to the bedrock of the cave, some 2-3 m (6.5-10 ft) or more to bedrock. Excavations at the site identified at least 42 discrete occupation levels, within that 2-3 m of sediment. Features identified at the site include hearths, cache pits, ash scatters, and organic deposits. The documented occupations varied considerably in terms of size, seasonal duration, and number and variety of artifacts and activity areas. Most importantly, the earliest dates on domesticated forms of squash, beans and maize were identified within Coxcatlns cultural levels. And the process of domestication was in evidence as well- especially in terms of maize cobs, which are documented here as growing larger and with an increased number of rows over time. Dating Coxcatln Comparative analysis grouped the 42 occupations into 28 habitation zones and seven cultural phases. Unfortunately, conventional radiocarbon dates on organic materials (like carbon and wood) within the cultural phases were not consistent within the phases or zones. That was likely the result of vertical displacement by human activities such pit-digging, or by rodent or insect disturbance called bioturbation. Bioturbation is a common issue in cave deposits and indeed many archaeological sites. However, the recognized mixing led to an extensive controversy during the 1970s and 1980s, with several scholars raising doubts about the validity of the dates for the first maize, squash, and beans. By the late 1980s, AMS radiocarbon methodologies which allow for smaller samples were available and the plant remains themselves- seeds, cobs, and rindscould be dated. The following table lists the calibrated dates for the earliest direct-dated examples recovered from Coxcatln cave. Cucurbita argyrosperma (cushaw gourd) 115 cal BCPhaseolus vulgaris (common bean) cal 380 BCZea mays (maize) 3540 cal BCLagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) 5250 BCCucurbita pepo (pumpkins, zucchini) 5960 BC A DNA study (Janzen and Hubbard 2016) of a cob from Tehuacan dated to 5310 cal BP found that the cob was genetically closer to modern maize than to its wild progenitor teosinte, suggesting that maize domestication was well underway before Coxcatlan was occupied. Tehuacn-Cuicatln Valley Ethnobotany One of the reasons MacNeish selected the Tehuacn valley is because of its level of biological diversity: a high diversity is a common characteristic of places where first domestications are documented. In the 21st century, the Tehuacn-Cuicatln valley has been the focus of extensive ethnobotanical studies- ethnobotanists are interested in how people use and manage plants. These studies reveal the valley has the highest biological diversity of all the arid zones in North America, as well as one of the richest areas in Mexico for ethnobiological knowledge. One study (Davila and colleagues 2002) recorded over 2,700 species of flowering plants within an area of approximately 10,000 square kilometers (3,800 square miles). The valley also has a high human cultural diversity, with Nahua, Popoloca, Mazatec, Chinantec, Ixcatec, Cuicatec, and Mixtec groups together accounting for 30% of the total population. Local people have amassed an immense amount of traditional knowledge including the names, uses, and ecological information on nearly 1,600 plant species. They also practice a variety of agricultural and silviculture techniques including the care, management, and preservation of nearly 120 native plant species. In Situ and Ex Situ Plant Management The ethnobotanists studies documented local practices in habitats where the plants naturally occur, called in situ management techniques: Tolerance, where useful wild plants are left standingEnhancement, activities that increase the plant population density and availability of useful plant speciesProtection, actions which favor permanence of particular plants through care Ex situ management practiced in Tehuacan involves seed sowing, planting of vegetative propagules and transplanting of entire plants from their natural habitats into managed areas such as agricultural systems or home-gardens. Sources Blancas J, Casas A, Lira R, and Caballero J. 2009. Traditional Management and Morphological Patterns of Myrtillocactus schenckii (Cactaceae) in the Tehuacn Valley, Central Mexico. Economic Botany 63(4):375-387.Blancas J, Casas A, Rangel-Landa S, Moreno-Calles A, Torres I, Pà ©rez-Negrà ³n E, Solà ­s L, Delgado-Lemus A, Parra F, Arellanes Y et al. 2010. Plant Management in the Tehuacn-Cuicatln Valley, Mexico. Economic Botany 64(4):287-302.Dvila P, Arizmendi MDC, Valiente-Banuet A, Villaseà ±or JL, Casas A, and Lira R. 2002. Biological diversity in the Tehuacn-Cuicatln Valley, Mexico. Biodiversity Conservation 11(3):421-442.Farnsworth P, Brady JE, DeNiro MJ, and MacNeish RS. 1985. A re-evaluation of the isotopic and archaeological reconstructions of diet in the Tehuacan Valley. American Antiquity 50(1):102-116.Flannery KV, and MacNeish RS. 1997. In defense of the Tehuacn project. Current Anthropology 38(4):660-672.Fritz GJ. 1994. Are the first American farmers getting younger? Cur rent Anthropology 35(1):305-309. Gumerman GJ, and Neely JA. 1972. An Archaeological Survey of the Tehuacan Valley, Mexico: A Test of Color Infrared Photography. American Antiquity 37(4):520-527.Janzen GM, and Hufford MB. 2016. Crop Domestication: A Sneak-Peek into the Midpoint of Maize Evolution. Current Biology 26(23):R1240-R1242.Long A, Benz BF, Donahue DJ, Jull AJT, and Toolin LJ. 1989. First Direct AMS Dates on Early Maize From Tehuacan, Mexico. Radiocarbon 31(3):1035-1040.Long A, and Fritz GJ. 2001. Validity of AMS dates on maize from the Tehuacn Valley: A comment on MacNeish and Eubanks. Latin American Antiquity 12(1):87-90.MacNeish RS, and Eubanks MW. 2000. Comparative analysis of the Rio Balsas and Tehuacn models for the origin of maize. Latin American Antiquity 11(1):3-20.Smith BD. 2005. Reassessing Coxcatln Cave and the early history of domesticated plants in Mesoamerica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(27):9438-9445.

System Security for Department of Human and Health Services Essay

System Security for Department of Human and Health Services - Essay Example The SSP works in accordance to the guidelines provided under the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 800-53 Rev 4 Guide for Assessing Security Controls in Federal Information Systems and Organizations, Building Effective Security Assessment Plans The purpose of this Cybersecurity profile is to provide an overview of the cybersecurity requirements for the HHS (Department of Human and Health Sciences) with a succinct description of how the management, operational, and technical controls in place and those planned for the future, meet NIST’s requirements. Security categorization defines categories of information systems in relation to impact loss. It involves the classification of information and information systems in accordance with the potential effect on an organization. The analysis also depends on the occurrence of events that might jeopardize the information and information systems required by the organization for the accomplishment of its mission, protection of its assets, fulfilment of its legal duties and protection of individuals. Security categorization is based on the vulnerability and threat information in evaluating an organization’s risk. The HHS management evaluates systems and assigns a level (low, moderate, high) in relation to the risk to HSS in case of breach of security. The level depends on risks of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information (Barker, 2004). It is the responsibility of HHS (System Owner) and its stakeholders to identify and establish the information system type. The security concern of HHS is to ensure that shared resources such as networks, communications and physical access within the whole general support system or major application are sufficiently protected. Therefore, it can be said that the information type held by HHS is mission-based (Barker, 2004). By virtue of the personal information of individuals held by HSS (HHS Cyber Security Program, 2014), the type of information system can be said to be Personally Identifiable Information.  

Identifying and Comparing of an Audience Research Topic Area Essay

Identifying and Comparing of an Audience Research Topic Area - Essay Example At its simplest definition, comic books are usually a series of pictures and words that are actually presented in a manner that is sequential in order to create a narrative. However, comic books are currently mass-produced quickly and inexpensively (Wright, 2001; Lent, 1995; Wright, 2001; Sassiene, 1994; Schodt, 1996). Comic books can therefore be regarded as a visual piece of art in a sequential illustration presented in its own artistic vocabulary whereby they usually combine both art and writing. Therefore, according to (McCloud 2000), comic literacy is actually needed by the reader to understand the incidences that transpire between the panels (Ferraro, 2004). This paper makes use of two case studies to discuss the development and influence of comic books in the contemporary society. Despite the international popularity of the comic books, and reasonable profits attained at times, this medium of artistic presentation of ideas has experienced very little systematic review on aspec ts pertaining to its practices. There is also very little international comparative analysis of the comic books sector (Schodt, 1996). Therefore, despite the wide recognition of the comic books globally they remain poorly understood meaning that the comparative analysis of various case studies will be intensely critical in providing some key information on comic books (Krensky, 2008). This is mainly because they have a lengthy history, very popular among the young populations globally as well as their contribution towards producing some of the most recognizable cultural icons (McCloud, 2000). However, comic books are generally generational experiences as they tend to be a domain of the young people who eventually outgrows them, remember them fondly, as well as reflect on them with a combination of bewilderment and, at times concern. Therefore, each generation tends to produce its own stories and read its own comic books that primarily address issues that prevail at that particular t ime (Krensky, 2008). Most of the comic books usually emerge from the shifts that are related to interactions between culture, politics, and audience tastes, thereby helping in framing a worldview and defining a sense of identity among the generations that have grown up with such books (Wright, 2001). Thus, they have undoubtedly played a very critical role in the lives of millions of young people around the world (Medioni, 1991; Solo, 1989) For definitional purposes, there is need for categorizing the comic books separately from the comic strips. This is mainly because despite the two of these entertainment media sharing a lot of creative similarities and historical roots, there is a markedly big difference in how they are produced, packaged, distributed, as well as how the business practices are usually conducted. For instance, the production of the comic books is usually done in a magazine format and they are usually sold as standalone products whereas the comic’

Political Terrorisim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political Terrorisim - Essay Example At most times, control is usually built into the institutions that exist in the society. It may be on a macro-level, which necessitates a formal control system like laws and instructions from the government and even private organizations. On a micro-level, this focuses more on informal control systems; this implies a more unwritten norm among the members of society. It is also external, meaning the control comes from an individual person’s need to comply with the dictates or regulations of another person or a small group (Chriss, 2007). Terrorism from above is also known as state terrorism which is more recognizable in the repressive and suppressive acts of the state and human rights violations practiced by the agents of the state upon its citizens. Terrorism from above is the means adopted in order to achieve social control. Terrorism from above is carried out under the guise of national interest, however, in reality it is carried out in order to control the society and the people. â€Å"Control of the mass media and suppression of dissent are common trademarks, and it would be a mistake to neglect corruption, or the desire to line one’s pockets† (O’Connor, 2008). Terrorism from above and the implementation of social control are connected with each other because one is essential to the other. Terrorism from above is carried out in order to implement social control by fair means or foul, but mostly, foul. Authoritarian fascist and communist governments like Nazi Germany and Mao’s China are more likely to use terror as their method of social control because they can easily achieve control and whatever goals they aim for by instilling fear among their subjects. These types of governments can incapacitate the citizens through violence and the threat of violence. â€Å"In such context, fear is a paramount feature of social action; it is characterized by the inability of social actors to predict

Fiber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fiber - Essay Example However, with advances in the scientific field the various health benefits of fiber were identified. Hence regular consumption of generous amounts of dietary fiber in the diet has been proven to reduce the risk for developing several diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, blood pressure, gall stones, diseases of the colon and it has also been found to boost the immune system (Dietary fiber, 1996; Anderson et al, n.d). Research studies have revealed that people consume less than the recommended levels of dietary fiber. The amount of dietary fiber intake depends on the age, gender and total calorie intake (Anderson et al, n.d). The major advantage provided by dietary fiber is the presence of a mixture of bio-molecules along with the fiber which may include vitamins, minerals or phytochemicals which actually contribute to protection against diseases (Dietary fiber, 1996). The occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and hypertension which affects a majority of the population worldwide can be effectively reduced by consumption of sufficient amounts of dietary fiber. Fiber reduces the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. Many studies beginning from 1982 have proven the effect of dietary fiber intake, especially the whole grains, on the risk of cardiovascular disease (Dietary fiber, 1996; Anderson et al, n.d ; Rosamond, 2002). While the exact mechanism by which dietary fiber reduces the risk of heart diseases is not known, it is however, found to effect serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids in the small intestine and thus increasing their elimination from the body via feces (Dietary fiber, 1996; Anderson et al, n.d). In addition, dietary fiber also has an advantage of low-cost can be beneficial to all classes of

Introduction to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Business - Essay Example Whistle-blowers now commonly refers to those who firmly believe that the unchecked conduct of their organization will do more harm than good, and so exert efforts to speak up. The act of whistle blowing is necessary to rectifying problems in society, yet whistle blowers are often punished severely for their moves (Matthews, 2003). Obviously, whistle-blowing can be a tangled and legally dangerous event. Lawyer Taylor (2006) who had found herself whistle-blowing along with two other colleagues said one had to be ready for any form of retaliation, to expect them and to combat them. In Diana Heil's (2004) reports, a whistle-blower can experience continuing retaliation even when one backs down. Whistle-blowing is said to justifiable only where certain minimal conditions have been met (What is, 1997). Accordingly, a justifiable disclosure must meet four conditions: 1) The disclosure does more good than harm; 2) It serves some purpose in correcting or preventing the wrongdoing concerned; 3) It is made in a responsible manner; and 4) It follows upon the exhaustion of internal channels of complaint and redress. Whistle-blowing is the smoke signal according to Parthasarathi (2003), that there is corruption happening; therefore, government should act. During the Nixon era, it is said that $800 toilet seats were discovered at the Pentagon, and people began to realize the service that whistle-blowers provided at the risk to themselves (Taylor, 2006). There are now laws that protect these employees of courage and a group dedicated to their interests (Current Program, GAP, 2006). Sirshar Quereshi (2006) who specializes in fraud investigations wrote that whistle-blowing can be an effective early warning system. He said employees "in the front line" know better than anyone what is happening in their area of activity so that it is beneficial to listen to them, otherwise a local difficulty may grow into a crisis. Taylor (2006) who works closely with whistle-blowers said the primary goal that whistle-blowers usually seek is accountability for mis-behaviour and correction of the problems they see in the work place. Most whistleblowers realize that their actions will cost them money, wear away privilege and generate negative publicity, Taylor said. Yet, they persist, desiring honesty in government and wanting an end to infringements of law. In the beginning, a whistle-blower is said to be often faced with a plethora of ethical dilemmas, the most fundamental of which is whether to do the "right thing" or not. According to Reese (2002), multiple organizational variables inhibit one from doing the right thing within an organization, one of which is threat to one's career. Tom Carpenter of The Government Accountability Project (GAP) who has represented numerous whistle-blowers said he tells people who are contemplating blowing the whistle not to do it if they cared for their career. But then "Most people decide to go forward anyway" (Heil, 2004). Despite all the anguish, a whistle-blower said he had no regrets about the stand he took. "Is it worth it'" he was asked. "Yes, absolutely; I would do it again. I truly believe that some people have lives and others have destinies," he said. Whistle-blowing is not only

News Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

News Article - Assignment Example The reproductive system of both sexes is biochemically and anatomically formed in a way that they have the ability to produce new life to ensure perpetuation of life. It is unique that, among all the body systems the reproductive system is the only body system which an individual may decide not to use to the fullest. Some individuals do not reproduce due their own personal reasons. When sperms are produced by the penis and deposited in the vagina, they travel to the fallopian tubes. Through conception process one of them fuses with the ovum forming one single cell. At this stage the sex of the individual is determined and the baby possesses all the genetic requirements. The 46 chromosomes that the baby receives from both parents will be with the individual for the whole of his/ her lifetime. No genetic addition will take place but more significantly nutrition and oxygen will be required for life to be sustained. Development of the baby in the mother’s womb takes place in three trimesters. In the first trimester, dramatic and dynamic takes place. In trimester two, the baby prepares for survival outside the womb and in the third and last trimester, the baby develops the body organs and system and gains weight. The main purpose of the reproductive system is procreation and this is done by giving birth to young ones. For fertilization to take place the sperm and the ovum from the male and the female respectively must unite. Immediately conception takes place development starts and it takes place in three trimesters. The baby gets all the chromosomes from both parents and that is the number of chromosomes that an individual possesses in the whole of his or her lifetime. I learnt that the reproductive system is very significant in procreation. Creation of new beings occurs after fusion of the sperm and ova. in the developmental phases

Introduction to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Business - Essay Example Whistle-blowers now commonly refers to those who firmly believe that the unchecked conduct of their organization will do more harm than good, and so exert efforts to speak up. The act of whistle blowing is necessary to rectifying problems in society, yet whistle blowers are often punished severely for their moves (Matthews, 2003). Obviously, whistle-blowing can be a tangled and legally dangerous event. Lawyer Taylor (2006) who had found herself whistle-blowing along with two other colleagues said one had to be ready for any form of retaliation, to expect them and to combat them. In Diana Heil's (2004) reports, a whistle-blower can experience continuing retaliation even when one backs down. Whistle-blowing is said to justifiable only where certain minimal conditions have been met (What is, 1997). Accordingly, a justifiable disclosure must meet four conditions: 1) The disclosure does more good than harm; 2) It serves some purpose in correcting or preventing the wrongdoing concerned; 3) It is made in a responsible manner; and 4) It follows upon the exhaustion of internal channels of complaint and redress. Whistle-blowing is the smoke signal according to Parthasarathi (2003), that there is corruption happening; therefore, government should act. During the Nixon era, it is said that $800 toilet seats were discovered at the Pentagon, and people began to realize the service that whistle-blowers provided at the risk to themselves (Taylor, 2006). There are now laws that protect these employees of courage and a group dedicated to their interests (Current Program, GAP, 2006). Sirshar Quereshi (2006) who specializes in fraud investigations wrote that whistle-blowing can be an effective early warning system. He said employees "in the front line" know better than anyone what is happening in their area of activity so that it is beneficial to listen to them, otherwise a local difficulty may grow into a crisis. Taylor (2006) who works closely with whistle-blowers said the primary goal that whistle-blowers usually seek is accountability for mis-behaviour and correction of the problems they see in the work place. Most whistleblowers realize that their actions will cost them money, wear away privilege and generate negative publicity, Taylor said. Yet, they persist, desiring honesty in government and wanting an end to infringements of law. In the beginning, a whistle-blower is said to be often faced with a plethora of ethical dilemmas, the most fundamental of which is whether to do the "right thing" or not. According to Reese (2002), multiple organizational variables inhibit one from doing the right thing within an organization, one of which is threat to one's career. Tom Carpenter of The Government Accountability Project (GAP) who has represented numerous whistle-blowers said he tells people who are contemplating blowing the whistle not to do it if they cared for their career. But then "Most people decide to go forward anyway" (Heil, 2004). Despite all the anguish, a whistle-blower said he had no regrets about the stand he took. "Is it worth it'" he was asked. "Yes, absolutely; I would do it again. I truly believe that some people have lives and others have destinies," he said. Whistle-blowing is not only

INTEGRATED NARRATIVE DISCLOSURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

INTEGRATED NARRATIVE DISCLOSURE - Essay Example This inevitably gives rise to a better understanding to investors and improves relationships between stakeholders. In addition, the underlying procedure needed to generate this information can also improve governance and enhance board effectiveness. A more important reason why firms embrace narrative reporting is that it is not a burden, rather an opportunity, which when used appropriately can act as a basis for developing real competitive advantage. According to Brennan, Pierce & Encarna, (2000), narrative disclosure is essential in effective communication in organizational audience, inclusive of stakeholders, shareholders, and the entire society. For instance, corporate narrative records are used to give an account of managerial decisions and actions, to notify shareholders on strategies, to institute organizational reputation and identity, to influence organizational audiences concerning the legality of a firm, to persuade shareholders on the benefits of a takeover or merger. Acco rding to the Financial Reporting Council, (FRC), the most vital disclosures for shareholders are: sporting out the most critical risks and how to manage them; an explanation of the monetary position and financial results; a blueprint of future prospects and plans; and a description of the business model. Narrative reporting plays all the right notes, though it plays all of them at the same time. From the time of the financial crisis, as anticipations have been determined by yearly reports as descriptors of models in business, opinions have come up about its potential to communicate business models. Growing regulatory complexity, uncertainty as to what audience narrative reports serve and extreme detail have all merged to create a culture that produces a deafening dissonance of â€Å"noise† on any individual attempting to read an annual report. Data overload is adversely hampering the significance of narrative reporting, a case that is quite frankly, rather annoying. The †Å"front† part of a yearly report; any financial statement that is not audited has an essential role to play in annual reports. Dissimilar from the numbers, narrative reports gives a company the opportunity to present its story in a unique way by providing a sense of a firm in a manner that cannot be achieved when using a balance sheet. Prose can disclose a company’s operating environment, strategic direction, its values, and governance structure (Sydserff & Weetman (1999), While it is not a guarantee for a narrative report to be used by the senior most investors who may probably interrogate a company, this report is extremely precious to the entire host of other stakeholders, regardless of whether they are potential shareholders, potential customers, or employees. Within this report, there should be some data that will have an impact on investment decisions. However, whilst narrative reports are viewed as a shareholder tool, it is the regulators’ needs that seem to be taking priority in their preparation. The critical challenge or problem in report preparation is the number of necessities placed on preparers, as well as the time and cost involved in developing the report. A lot of effort and time can be spent working on report sections to achieve regulatory needs that are of little significance to any person, either by giving too many details or offering nothing but neutral, regulatory-approved company-talk. The nature of some

Milk Products Essay Example for Free

Milk Products Essay There has been an increase in income of milk and gradually development have broadened the knowledge of consumers. They have now became choosy resulting in monitoring needs, identifying opportunities and create value. It is the market place not the factory that ultimately determines which company will succeed. Marketing is practiced not only by manufacturing concern their channel members but all kinds of individuals and organization. No politician can get the required votes to win and no â€Å"resort† the needed tourist to flourish without developing and carrying out the sound marketing plans. Authentic market practice is not the art of selling what you make so much as knowing what to make. It is the art of identifying and understanding customer’s needs and coming up with solution that satisfy them and produces riches for firm’s profitability. As we all know, future is always uncertain. More precisely when there is volley of brilliant competitors and each wants to be the market leader. So in the light of intense competition satisfaction through product innovation maintaining the standard quality therein, failing which no amount or deal of promotional measure or scheme can compensate at length. Competitive forces have compelled the companies to focus on specific segment of the market with frequent product innovation and rather new products and launching thereof with greater confidence. The present study gives special emphasis on the Financial Trend Analysis Of Parag Dairy. The entire study has been divided into chapters and further subdivided into segments from each dealing with a separate aspect in a simple and lucid style and clarification has been given top priority throughout the project. CHAPTER 1 ABOUT LUCKNOW PRODUCER’S CO OPERATIVE MILK UNION LTD. Sections-1. 1: INTRODUCTION. Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh . Total area of district is 2528 square km 91588 hactare is cultivated land . Lucknow producer’s cooperative milk union ltd. (Parag dairy lucknow) was established in 1938. Lucknow milk is the first cooperative dairy established in India . Very few people know the fact the process developed by Lucknow Milk Union was later used in spirit in Gujrat co operative milk movement and is now famous as â€Å"anand pattern† . Lucknow milk union was then chosen as one of the model dairy to Implement operation flood programme started by national dairy development board (NDDB)in 1970. The aim of Lucknow milk union is to provide reasonable price to farmer thereby defending them from exploitation of milk vendors and earn supplementary income part from agriculture . On the other hand the milk union supplies high quality pure milk and milk products at reasonable prices to urban consumer under the brand name â€Å"parag†. The milk union has been running â€Å"clean milk mand breed conservation programmes† UPDASP where milk producer have been educated in producing and supplying milk under clean and hygienic condition and provided the producer with semen of pure Indian breed for the improvement of the present breed of animal. Lucknow milk union is established Auto milk collection unit (AMCU) in societies for giving transparent payment system for milk given by farmer. By the established of these machine farmer are getting full price and actual detail of fat and snf of their milk . presently AMCU are running successfully in 259 societies 27 bulk milk coolers are established in various rural area of lucknow for keeping high quality of milk procured in those area by milk societies Lucknow milk union has set up of teams for quality check and health awareness programme for the urban consumer of milk. The team visit different localities in city, test their milk and provide on the spot results to the consumer . the milk union also organize school children’s visit to its dairy plant to create awareness on milk procrssing and other related system amongst them. The milk union has obtained ISO and HACCP certification in year 2007. For coming months lucknow milk union has commited itself to provide a minimum of 160000 liters of high qualities â€Å"parag† milk per day to the urban consumers. Apart from selling milk in pouches, the milk union is also gearing itself to provide fresh loose milk to the city consumers. Towards this end, the milk supply vehicles insulated with Japanese eco- friendly standards have already been introduced in various area of the city. 87 all time milk booth(ATM) are established for supply of high quality milk to the consumers round the clock. Lucknow milk union is able to maintain high quality standards in its milk and milk products through close monitoring of processes in all its stages of production, processing and packaging. The constant increase in the sales figure of the milk union are a reflection of their sincere efforts and the growing confidence of the consumers in parag milk products. The organization has a chain of around 2000 agent providing employment to the unemployed youths door to door milk delivery system through mini insulated tanker thru commission agent with attractive commission rates has been started in the city . the requirement for this system is to have a mini insulated tanker for which one has to arrange finance upto rs 50000/- himself and rest amount comes through bank finance. The new milk products launched by the milk union such as chhena kheer, besan laddoo, and chhachh, gulabjamun etc have begin tickling the taste buds of the consumers giving them great pleasure and value for money. INDIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY World’s largest food factory, in celebration India Dairy. com invites you to world’s highest milk producers. And all set to find out more about their achievements. Here you can find about answer to every question about dairy. Be it investors, researchers, entrepreneurs or the merely curious Indian dairy. It has something for everyone. Today India is ‘The Oyster’ of the Global dairy industry. It offers opportunities galore to entrepreneurs Worldwide, who wish to capitalize on one of the world’s largest and fastest growing market for milk and milk products. A bagful of â€Å"pearls† awaits the international dairy processor in India . The Indian dairy industry is rapidly growing , trying to keep pace with the galloping progress around the world .As he expands his overseas operations to India , many profitable options awaits him. He may transfer technology, sign joint ventures or use India as a sourcing center for regional exports. The liberalization of Indian economy beckons to MNC’s and foreign investors alike . India has one of the largest livestock population in the world. Fifty percent of the buffaloes and twenty percent of the cattle in the world are found in India, most of which are milk cows and buffaloes. Dairy development in India has been acknowledged the world over as one of modern India’s most successful developmental programme. Today, India is the largest milk producing country in the world. Milk and milk products is rated as one of the most promising sectors which deserves appreciation in a big way. When the world milk production registered a negative growth of 2 percent, India performed much better with 4 percent growth. The total milk production is over 72 million tones and the demand for milk is estimated at around 80 million tonnes. By 2005, the value of Indian dairy produce is expected to be Rs. 1,000,000 million. In the last six years foreign investment in this sector stood at Rs. 3600 million which is about oneforth of the total investment made in this sector. Manufacture of casein and lactose, largely being imported presently, has good scope. Exports of milk products have been decanalised. The milk surplus states in India are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The manufacturing of milk products is concentrated in these milk surplus States. Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector The production of milk products i. e. milk products including infant milk food, malted food, condensed milk cheese stood at 3. 07 lakh tonnes in 1999-2000. Production of milk-powder including infant milk-food had risen to 2. 25 lakh tons in 1999-2000, whereas that of malted food is at 65000 tons. The trends in production of milk products in India is given in Annexure 1. Cheese and condensed milk production stands at 5000 and 11000 tonnes respectively. Some plants are coming-up for producing lactose, casein and improved cheese varieties. Livestock Population India is rich in its livestock wealth. It accounts for nearly 15. 8% of the world cattle population, more than half of the world buffalo population. As per FAO production year book 1998, the population of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats in the world and in India is given in Annexure 2. As per the 1992 livestock census of Ministry of Agriculture, highest cattle population was reported in Madhya Pradesh(28. 68 million nos. ) followed by Uttar Pradesh (25. 63 million nos. ) Bihar (22. 15 million nos. ) Maharashtra (17. 44 million nos. ) and West Bengal (17. 45 million nos. ). According to livestock census the highest population of buffaloes is reported in U. P. (20. 08 million nos. ) followed by A. P. (9. 15 million nos. ), M. P. (7. 97 million nos. ) and Rajasthan (7. 74 million nos). Production of Milk and Milk Products. The milk production was almost stagnant between 1947 to 1970 with an annual growth rate of merely one percent Livestock accounts for nearly 15. 8% of the world cattle population, more than half of the world buffalo population. Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector which has since registered a vigorous growth of over 4. 5% per annum after the year 1970. The production of milk in India has been increasing steadily as shown in Annexure 3. The major milk producing states are UP, Punjab, Rajasthan, M. P, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Number of milk products manufacturing Plants have come up in these states for Processing of milk. Present Status The Five Year Plan, achieving an annual output of over 60 million tonnes of milk. This not only places our industry second in the world after the United States, but represents sustained growth in real availability of milk and milk products for our burgeoning population. Most important, dairying has become an important secondary source of income for millions of rural families. Improved genetic material achieved primarily through cross breeding of cattle and upgrading of the national buffalo herd has played a significant role in increasing the productivity. Gradual extension of improved husbandry practices; increase in consumption of balanced concentrates made possible, in part, through innovations in the field of nutrition; expanded area under fodder; greater access to veterinary care; and advances in the fight against endemic and epidemic cattle diseases have also contributed to increased production and productivity. About three quarters of the milk produced is consumed at the household level. Of the milk supplied to the market, about 9-11 percent is processed in over 275 dairy plants and Dairying has become an important secondary source of millions of rural families. 6 Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector 83 milk product factories operated by cooperative, private dairy processors, and government milk schemes in the oroganized sector. Milk channeled through Operation Flood cooperatives is generally processed in dairy plants located in the rural areas and then transported into cities and towns. Operation Flood Milk productions account for about 1 0% of total milk production or 40% of the marketed output. The balance (about 90% of total production) is handled by the private traders and processors. About 45% of milk production is consumed as fluid milk. About 35% is processed into butter or ghee; about 7% is processed into Paneer (cottage cheese) and other cheeses, about 4% is converted into milk powder; and the balance is used for other products such as Dahi (yoghurt) and sweet meats. In recent years, there has been an increasing ice cream production as foreign companies have invested in India. Industry Segments: 1. Cheese The organised cheese market including its variants like processed cheese, cheese spreads, mozzarella, flavoured and spiced cheese, is placed at around Rs 3 bn. Processed cheese at 50% of the overall market is Rs. 1. 5 bn strong. The next most popular variant is cheese spread claiming a share of around 30% of the total cheese market. The market is primarily an urban phenomenon and is know to be growing at around 15%. The market for cheese cubes slices and tins is growing. The flavoured cheese segment has been declining. About 45% of milk production is consumed as fluid milk. About 35% is processed into butter o r or ghee is processed into paneer(cottage cheese) and other cheeses, about 4% is converted into milk powder; and the balance is used for other products such as Dahi (yoghurt) and sweet meats. Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector 7 operator in the branded cheese market in India with about 60% market share in the branded market. It pioneered the market for processed, branded cheese. What GCMMF did was to develop the technology to make cheese from buffalo milk. World over it is made from cow milk. Annexure 4 gives the market size of cheese in India. Other cheese manufacturers are : Britannia Industries, Dynamix Dairy Industries (DDI), Hiranandani, ETA and Metro. 2. Ice Cream The ice cream market in India is estimated to have reached the level of Rs. 10 bn per annum, of which the organized sector is about Rs. 6 bn. The unorganised market has been shrinking. The per capita ice cream consumption in the country is extremely low at 250 ml per year compared with that of the US, which is about 22 litre. The organised market for ice creams of about 60 mn litres,has been growing at around 15% per annum. The ice cream industry has, in a short span of time, undergone a structural transformation. Annexure 5 (a) and 5 (b) shows the growth of market size of Ice Cream in India and the market structure of this segment respectively. 3. Chocolates The Chocolates market is estimated at 35,000 tonnes valued at approximately Rs. 8. 0 bn. The chocolate counter market is worth nearly Rs. 2. 5 to 3. 5 bn and the rest is made up of chocolate bars. Chocolates in fact make up less than a fourth of the sweet-tooth products including sugar boiled confectionery mints and chewing gums. Sugar confectionery is by far the largest segment with a share market growth rates indicate that the cheese market in India is growing steadily. The organised market for ice creams of about 60 mn litres has been growing at around 15% per annum. Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector exceeding 60%. Annexure 6 (a) and 6 (b) gives the market size are structure of chocolate market in India. 4. Dairy Whiteners The organised dairy industry processes an estimated 15% of the total milk output in India. The industry has maintained a high growth profile, especially in the wake of the Operation Flood, colloquially also termed as White Revolution, initiated in early 1980s. Today India produces over 80 mn tonnes of milk annually. In terms of value, the total milk economy is estimated at Rs. 1200 bn. The market for dairy whiteners (commercially know as beverage milk powders and condensed milk) and creamers is around Rs. 2,750 mn. The growth of market size of dairy whiteners in the last 10 years is given in Annexure 7 (a) and 7 (b). Apart from MNCs like Nestle and companies like Britannia, the Indian enterprises have also made perceptible progress. Names like Amul, Sapan, Vijaya, Mohan, Parag and several others have been seen in the marketplace with their whiteners. Aseptically packed creamer in miniportions is widely used in the west, but has yet to enter the Indian market. Aseptically packed creamer involves techniques to impart a longer shelf life to the product. It is packed in small cups ready to be poured into a cup of tea or coffee. Creamer is fresh milk with increased fat content (upto 12%) and is aseptically packed after undergoing Ultra Heat Treatment (UHT) at 140oC. Its introduction will affect the existing whitener market as a natural milk product with a longer shelf life. The organised dairy industry processes an estimated 15 % of the total milk output in India. The industry has maintained a high growth profile, especially in the wake of the Operation Flood, col loquial ly also termed as White Revolution , initiated nearly 1980s. Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector The potential for exports; especially to neighbouring countries and the countries in the Middle east, the Gulf and Africa, also exist and could be exploited. 5. Baby Foods Conventionally, foods (solids, semi-solids and liquids)badministered to babies of upto two years of age are classified as baby foods. In some cases, however, baby foods are continued to be given to children older than of two years depending on socio-economic, health-related and geosocietal conventions. The concept of packaged baby foods is relatively recent in India. The traditional homemade foods have dominated this sector until the induction of packaged foods mostly from multinational companies. Baby foods have assumed special significance in the recent years because of greater awareness of hygiene and health and constraints on time of busy mothers. A reliable, healthy, convenient and readyto-use baby food is the requirement of the day. India is catching up with the rest of the developed world in this area rater fast. A comparison of growth rates over the last 10 years shows that these has been a steady rise of market size. Annexure 8 (a) and 8 (b) gives the market size and the market structure of baby foods in India. The packaged food products for babies are broadly classified into a) cereal-based such as Nestum; b) cereal-based with milk such as Farex, Cerelax, c) milk-based such as Lactogen, d) ready-to-feed liquids, and e) rusks and biscuits. Infant milk foods constitute the most significant segment. The potential for exports;especially to neighbouring countries and the countries in the Middle east, the Gulf and Africa, exist and could be exploited. Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector. 6. Biscuits and Bakery Products The Indian bakery industry is dominated by the small-scale sector with an estimated 50,000 small and medium-size producers, besides the 15 units in the organised sector. Apart from the nature of the industry which gravitates to the markets and caters to the local tastes, the industry is widely dispersed. The two major bakery products, biscuits and bread, account for 82% of all bakery production. The unorganised sector accounts for about two-thirds of the total biscuits production estimated at 1. 3 mn tonnes. It also accounts for 80% of the total bread production which is estimated at 1. 5 mn tonnes and around 90% of the other bakery products estimated at 0. 6 mn tonnes. The last includes pastries, cakes, buns, rusks and others. Annexure 9 (a) and 9 (b) gives the growth of market size of biscuits over the last ten years. Biscuit is estimated to enjoy around 37% share by volume and 75% by value of the bakery industry. The organized sector caters to the medium and premium segments, which are relatively less price-sensitive. The organised sector is unable to compete at the lower price range due to the excise advantage enjoyed by the informal sector. The organised segment in biscuits has witnessed a steady growth of about 6%, conforming broadly to the growth rate of GDP. The production crossed the one-million tone mark in 1995-96 which has now grown by estimated 30%. The size of the bread market is estimated at Rs. 13 bn. There are a number of producers in both sectors, organised and unorganised. From a low priced commodity, bread has The two major bakery products , biscuits and bread, account for 82% of all bakery production. Biscuit is estimated to enjoy around 37% share by volume and 75% by value of the bakery industry. Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector graduated into a branded product with discriminating prices. 7. Confectionery The Indian confectionery market includes sugar boiled confectionery, hard-boiled candies, toffees and other sugarbased candies. In 2000, sugar boiled confectionery had penetrated an estimated 15% of the households only, suggesting a large potential for growth. There are about 5,000 units catering to the local markets. The total volume of the sugar boiled confectionery market in the organised sector (comprising plain / hard-boiled candies, toffees, eclairs and gums) is around 125,000 tonnes. Add to this the unorganized sector and the market for all types of confectionery is of the order of 250,000 tpa. That translates into 66% market share of the unorganized sector by volume. In value terms it is less than 50%. The sector’s expansion at a rate of 25% in 1998 had dropped to 17% in 1999 and registered a negative growth of 2% in 2000. In the long run it is slated to grow at 8 to 10% annually. The growth in the size of the confectionery market is gives as Annexure 10 (a). The total volume of the sugar boiled confectionery market in the organised sector is around 125,000 tonnes. Add to this the norganized sector and the market for all types of confectionery is of the order of 250,000 tpa. Exports: Export of certain milk products like milk powder, ghee and butter was canalised uptil 1993. With the objective of promoting exports of milk products, the Govt. have dechannelised the export of these milk products with effect from mid 1993. According to the EXIM Policy for 1997- 2002, the policy for export of these milk products is as under: Powder milk (skimmed or full Cream) whole and infant milk food, pure milk Ghee and Butter, except when exported as branded products in consumer packs, not exceeding 5 kgs in weight, will be exempted from the following conditions : 1) Quantitative i ceiling as may be notified by the DGFT from time to time. 2) registration-cum-allocation certificate issued by agricultural and processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA). The Director General of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Commerce vide Public Notice No. 48/RE-98/1997-2002 dated 13th October, 1998 have removed the quantitative ceiling for export of powder milk and ghee and their export is now freely allowed. However, butter, if exported in packaging exceeding 5 kg. in weight, continues to be under the quantitative ceilings. Products for exports Skimmed Milk Powder, Whole Milk Powder, Ghee, Butter, Cheese, Condensed Milk, Casein etc. are some of the milk products being exported from India. With the objective of promoting exports of milk products, the Govt. have dechannelised the export of these milk products with effect from mid 1993. The export figures of dairy products during the last five years are given in Annexure 11. Major Destinations- UAE (43%), Nepal (19%), Bangladesh(12%) Future Markets South East Asia, Russia and Africa will be the emerging market for Indian dairy products. In the immediate future, there is prospect of an additional demand of over 3 million tonnes of milk products in the ASEAN region alone. The EU dairy exports will become limited by GATT agreements, while Australia-New Zealand do not have adequate production capacity. Equally significant is the rise of Russia as the world’s biggest dairy importer. Although by far the biggest milk producer in Europe, the Russian output has declined by more than 25 percent in the past five years. The shortfall in milk production is estimated to be 13 million tonnes a year. These major deficits in milk availability offer an opportunity for India to fill this vacuum and to become leading dairy exporting nations. Potential for value added products Ethnic Indian dairy products like Sweets Shreekhand, Rusgulla, Khoya and Ready-to-Eat-Kheer, Haluwa, etc. have good demand in the countries where ethnic Indian population is settled. For promotion of these products, we require export worthy consumer packing, which also improves the shelf-life of the product. South East Asia, Russia and Africa will be the emerging market for Indian dairy products. Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector APEDA has initiated following steps to increase export of dairy products: Standards have been laid down for export of dairy products APEDA is offering subsidies for implementation of HACCP and ISO 9000, installation and upgradation of laboratories and market promotion through sending of samples, printing of catalogue brochures and brand publicity through advertisement etc. under it’s plan scheme. Export market development will depend on ensuring the quality. This will require that exporters ensure quality from the milk animals to the port and beyond. To build the quality, mechanized dairy fanning requires encouragement with export oriented processing facilities. Manufacturing units linked by contract with large scale producers, can ensure of quality raw material necessary to enter and maintain the position in the international market. It is the cow milk which is recognized in the international market. Since India is producing more of buffaloe milk, there is a need for generic promotion of buffaloe milk. Many countries in the world do not import milk products from India since India is reporting many livestock diseases particularly FMD. Efforts are, therefore, needed to control and eradicate FMD at least in major milk producing States. Creation of chilling facilities at block level village level and transportation of liquid milk to processing units in reefer units . NATIONAL DAIRY DEVELOPMENT BOARD (NDDB) The National Dairy Development Board was created to promote, finance and support to the following: 1- Producer owned and controlled organizations. NDDB’s programmes and activities. 2- Seek to strengthen farmer to support national policies that are favorable. 3- To the growth of such institutions. Fundamental to NDDB’s efforts are co-operative principles and the Anand Pattern Co-operatives of Cooperation. The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was founded to replace exploitation with empowerment, tradition with modernity, stagnation with growth, transforming dairying into an instrument for the development of India’s rural people. Policies in Milk Milk Products Milk and Milk Products Order (MMPO) regulates milk and milk products production in the country. The order requires no permission for units handling less than 10,000 litres of liquid milk per day or milk solids upto 500 tpa. Mi lk and Milk Products Order (MMPO) regulates mi lk and mi lk products production in the country. A l l t h e m i l k p r o d u c t s except malted foods are covered in the category o f i n d u s t r i e s f o r wh i c h f o r e i g n e q u i t y participation upto 51% is automatically allowed. 1 8 Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector All the milk products except malted foods are covered in the category of industries for which foreign equity participation upto 51% is automatically allowed. Icecream, which was earlier reserved for manufacturing in the small scale sector, has now been dereserved. As such, no license is required for setting up of large scale production facilities for manufacture of ice cream. Subsequent to dechannelisation exports of some milk based products are freely allowed provided these units comply with the compulsory inspection requirements of concerned agencies like: National Dairy Development Board, Export Inspection Council etc. Bureau of Indian standards has prescribed the necessary standards for almost all milk based products, which are to be adhered to by the industry. Regulatory Environment in the Dairy Processing Sector in India The Indian processed dairy industry has grown and diversified enormously in the last few years. To ensure the proper development and growth of this industrial sector, the Government of India has instituted various laws and regulations. The various regulations that govern the dairy processing industry can broadly be classified into: Compulsory Legislation Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 This Act is the basic statute that is intended to protect the common consumer against the supply of adulterated food. This specifies different standards for various food articles. The standards are in terms of minimum quality levelsTechnology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector 1 9 intended for ensuring safety in the consumption of these food items and for safeguarding against harmful impurities and adulteration. The Central Committee for Food Standards, under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, is responsible for the operation of this Act. The provisions of the Act are mandatory and contravention of the rules can lead to both fines and imprisonment. Milk and Milk Product Order (MMPO). 1992 The Milk and Milk Product Order (MMPO), 1992, issued on June 9, 1992 seeks to ensure the supply of liquid milk, an essential commodity, to consumers by regulating its processing and distribution. Within eight years of its operation, the Central/State Registering Authorities have till December 2000 registered 666 units with a total processing capacity of 65. 8 million litres per day (mlpd). Salient Features of the MMPO Order include the following: – Registrations for units handling up to 75,000 litres of milk per day are granted by the State Governments and units with more than 75,000 litres per day capacity are registered by the Central Registering Authority. – The Certificate also specifies the milkshed area, which, under the order is defined as a geographical area demarcated by the Registering Authority for the collection of milk by the registered unit. – Maintenance of specified hygienic conditions in the premises where milk and milk products are handled, processed, manufactured or stored. 2 0 Technology Export Potential of Milk and Dairy Sector The collection, transportation and processing of milk normally centres around the operations of a processing plant. The region from which the marketable surplus of milk production finds its way to a processing plant is called.

J.D Salinger’s Franny and Zooey Essay -- J.D Salinger’s Franny and Zoo

The Pessimistic and Bitter Franny Glass of J.D Salinger’s Franny and Zooey Young adulthood is often a time for maturing spiritually. Franny Glass, the protagonist of J.D Salinger’s novel, Franny and Zooey, began to question her religious beliefs, during this time of spiritual growth. Franny’s quest for religion caused her to become pessimistic, bitter, and emotionally unstable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Franny held many strong beliefs that caused her to view her surroundings pessimistically. After spending three years contently in college, Franny changed her view of the college experience. She decided that college was â€Å"one more dopey inane place in the world.'; (Salinger, 146) She failed to see college as a place that allows one to increase his or her knowledge and independence. Similarly, she thought â€Å"that just because [she] wanted enlightenment or peace instead of prestige or fame-doesn’t mean that [she was] not as egotistical and self seeking as everybody else.';(Salinger, 149) Instead of looking for the positive qualities in others, she made a generalization that all people are egotistical and self-seeking. Additionally, she â€Å"raved and bitched about the stupidity of [her] audiences [and their] unskilled laughter.';(Salinger, 199) Despite the fact that the audiences were supporting Franny by watching her perform, she insists all audien ces are stupid. Franny’s religious quest caused her to view her surroundings pessimistically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Franny was worried by her questions concerning religion...